The very first stage releases the rocket from its supporting structure and ignites the rocket engine. The Kerbal 2 rocket is designed with 3 stages. The support structures release and up you go! Every rocket launch happens in stages, and each stage is triggered by tapping the space bar. Hold down Shift to increase the throttle (necessary for liquid-fuel engines like the one on this ship), and then tap the Space bar once. ![]() The three spindly towers are not part of the rocket itself they're support structures (often called a gantry) that hold the rocket in place until liftoff. You can right-click each individual part to get more information about it. As you move your mouse over the rocket, each individual part will be highlighted in green. Your three happy Kerbonauts appear in the lower-right corner, ready for launch. If your mouse has a scroll wheel, you can also use it to zoom in and out. Press + and - keys on your numeric keypad to zoom your view in and out. Almost ready to go! Before you do, let's play with some of the basic controls.Ĭlick and hold the right mouse button and move the mouse to move the camera viewpoint. Now you see your stubby little rocket on the launch pad. Later, you'll build your own rockets and they'll appear on this list.Ĭlick the green Launch button near the upper-right corner. The "Stock" label means it's one of the game's premade rockets. You'll know you've selected the launch pad because it says Launch Pad in the lower-left corner of your screen.Ĭlick once on Kerbal 2 (Stock). We're going to jump right in by launching one of the game's premade rockets.Ĭlick on the launch pad near the upper-right of your screen. Now you get a nice overhead view of the massive Kerbal Space Center complex. This will resume your game from where you left off. ![]() The next time you play, you'll choose Resume Saved instead of Start New. (If you wish, you can detour into Settings first and change things like your keyboard bindings-but doing so will complicate this and other tutorials, which assume you're using the default keyboard setup.) Overmodders (see Plugins) may see loading times of up to thirty minutes, so don't get too trigger happy with that download button until you've completed this tutorial. Depending on your PC, it may take 1–3 minutes for the game to load. That yellow dot you see near the lower-left corner of your screen (underneath the cute sayings such as, "untangling space tape inventing witty loading hints testing springs," etc.) is actually the beginning of a long progress bar. ![]() Be prepared Kerbal Space Program (KSP) can take a very long time to load. The very first step is to "launch" the game, of course. Then you'll send three bold Kerbonauts into orbit, possibly forever. This will walk you through starting the game, choosing a rocket, launching it, and returning it safely to Earth. Never played Kerbal Space Program before? Confused by all the jargon, controls, and tricky mathematics? This tutorial will walk you through absolutely every step required to launch your first two rockets.
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![]() Evil are awakened after being cryogenically frozen for thirty years. In Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, Austin and Dr. Evil plots to extort large sums of money from governments or international bodies but is constantly thwarted by Powers, and (to a degree) his own inexperience with life and culture in the 1990s. The general theme of the films is that the arch villain Dr. The films poke fun at the outrageous plots, rampant sexual innuendo, and two dimensional stock characters associated with 1960s spy films, as well as the cliché of the ultra suave super spy. The character represents an archetype of 1960s Swinging London, with his advocacy of free love, his use of obscure impressions and his clothing style. E., Matt Helm and The Avengers, to name just a few-and incorporates myriad other elements of popular culture as it follows a British spy's quest to bring his nemesis down. The franchise parodies numerous films, TV shows and characters-including the James Bond series, Jason King, Danger Man, The Prisoner, The Man from U. They were directed by Jay Roach and distributed by New Line Cinema. The films were produced and written by Mike Myers, who also starred as the title character and Dr. Evil then abandoned the moon and moved to Hollywood.Austin Powers is a series of American spy action comedy films: Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997), Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999) and Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002). Evil found Mini-Me in space and rescued him after he evacuated his moon base using his rocket. The Moon Base was then destroyed with both remaining Moon Units on it. Evil, and most likely Frau Farbissina, escaped using his penis-shaped rocket. Austin and Felicity escaped using the time machine, and Dr. When he went back in time to ten minutes ago, Austin and his past-self succeeded and saved both the world, and Felicity, which led to Dr. Evil told him that there was a time machine in the main chamber and could use it to save both the world, and Felicity. ![]() He saved the world when he misguided the laser away from Washington, but was too late in saving Felicity resulting in her death. ![]() Evil, he had already captured Felicity and was using gas to kill her, Austin tried to save the world along with Felicity. Austin defeated Mini-Me in the fight by ejecting Mini-Me out of the Moon Base and into the vacuum of space. ![]() Austin got into a fight with Mini-Me trying to find him. When Austin and Felicity arrived they went to Dr. Evil and Mini-Me arrived on the Moon, they developed two Moon Units on the base out of his workers: Moon Unit Αlpha and Moon Unit Zappa.Īustin Powers, along with his girlfriend Felicity Shagwell, travelled to the moon using Apollo 11 as a transport to get there. along with every other major city on Earth unless the government pays him his ransom of $100 billion. Evil, along with his clone, Mini-Me, had plans to turn the Moon into a “ Death Star” in order to execute the “ Alan Parsons Project” which they planned to use to destroy Washington D.C. Evil in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, with the other two being his Seattle hideout in the Space Needle and secret volcano lair, which are both back on Earth.ĭr. Evil's Moon Base is the third and final hideout of Dr. ![]() We need close to the same times for on and off so that we have time to make the LED fade on and off in about the same amount of time (one second for each fade) so that it looks good. If I build the circuit and have a plug-in for only a capacitor, it works as desired with almost equal on and off (1 and 0) times. I can never get the off time of the square wave close to the same time as the on time. A quick note about the 555 chip: I always have problems with this chip when I use a proto strip to test the circuit. The next circuit uses a 555 timer IC for the square wave. Schmitt trigger inverter driven fade on-off circuit. I listed the C1 capacitor value I used to get close to this in Schematic 3. The desired timing was to fade on and then off in two seconds. The capacitors were selected by testing out various values, and then working from there to increase the values until a good-enough triangle wave was the output to drive the LED at approximately the required period/frequency. That worked fine for fading the LED on and off. In the end, I didn’t bother with a sine wave when I made it look something like a triangle wave. Then, I followed that with a simple resistor-capacitor filter circuit to make something like a sine wave. The circuit in this class led me to using one inverter of the hex Schmitt trigger inverter (SN74LS14/ CD40106BE) to generate the square wave. This is a membership site and costs money every year unless you join as a life-time member for ~ $500. Another site he talked about and runs is. In this class, he gave a very interesting use of an inverter. I signed up for it to see if it was good for use with my grandchildren. However, the first circuit I put together came from an idea inspired by a beginner’s class held by Oyvind Dahl (his free beginner’s course is at ). This led me to conclude that a simple transistor circuit could be made for the fade on/fade off circuit. While working on the above two circuits, I learned that an ultra-bright white LED can be made to fade on and off with different resistance values for R1. For more complex jobs, I found a site that helps one figure out which transistor should be used and why at. Your experience may be different than mine. The object is to get the 0.7V needed to turn the transistor on. ![]() I used a 100 KΩ variable resistor for some transistors. If you use different transistors, you may have to use different R1 and R2 values. If you need it, here’s Clue 2: Think current. Can you figure out why? Here’s Clue 1: In this case, it really doesn’t matter, but in some other cases it definitely could. NOTE: I was told by a friend that it would be better to put the variable resistor in the R2 position from the base to ground rather than in the R1 position. Q1 for the NPN was a BC549CTA NPN bipolar SI transistor I also tested 2N4401 and 2N3904.Q1 PNP = 2N3906 (I first tried a RadioShack Red PNP transistor, no other markings).I standardized on nine volts because of two circuits I found for making a square wave and a sine wave: I originally used 4.5 volts as the source and didn’t change the resistor values when I used nine volts. These both worked just fine, though the values that worked best for the resistors were a bit different for each. ![]() I came up with the test circuits shown in Schematics 1 and 2. I decided I’d use this information to build two circuits - one for the NPN and another for the PNP transistor - to simply drive an ultra-bright white LED. Specifically for the NPN, it was for the PNP, it was. ws for the two types of bipolar transistors. I started with the very basic transistor schematics I found on. I’ll start by showing the two circuits I put together which demonstrate that - at least sometimes - one can use NPN and PNP transistors for the same task. The only relationship between these two questions is a transistor. Does anyone have a circuit that does not require an IC?Ġ6193 - Transistor Confusion, Donald Bodine, Middleham, UK What determines which type of transistor to use in a given circuit? Are they interchangeable with those of a different type that I may already have on hand? The questions were:Ġ6192 - LED Fader, Cindi Carrillo I need a simple method to slowly fade an LED from bright to dim, then to bright again in about two seconds, then keep repeating. This article started as an attempt to answer two questions posed in the Tech Forum here in Nuts & Volts. ![]() I started my comparison as usual with the natural scenes of mountains, forests and flowers from the Spears and Munsil benchmark, and the extra brightness of those two OLEDs was evident, in particular during specular highlights like glints of sun and bright snow. TV and movies: Not surprisingly the two most expensive TVs, the Samsung and the LG G3, also looked the best. The LG G3's combination of brightness and contrast is top-notch, especially in a bright room. ![]() The G3 looked the best of all of them, nosing out the Samsung and beating the other two a bit more handily – although all three looked excellent. Samsung S95Cįor my side-by-side image quality comparison I lined the LG G3 up against three other OLED TVs: the Samsung S95C, the LG C3 and the Sony A80L. RS-232 port (minijack, for service only).Four HDMI inputs with HDMI 2.1, HDCP 2.2.All four of the G3's HDMI ports support 4K/120 – great for hard-core gamers with multiple next-gen devices. In other words, they can take advantage of the latest graphics features available from PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and S consoles as well as high-end graphics cards. That means their HDMI ports can handle 4K at 120 frames per second and variable refresh rate, as well as enhanced audio return channel and automatic low-latency mode (auto game mode). Like its competition the G3 has the latest version of the HDMI standard: 2.1. LG continues to excel at connection options. David Katzmaier/CNET Well-connected, especially for gamers The G3's four HDMI inputs (just two of which pictured here) all support HDMI 2.1. The most-expensive models from 2022, specifically the 97-inch G2 and the 8K resolution Z2 models, will remain on sale this year rather than being replaced by "3" equivalents (and speaking of expensive, LG is also selling its new wireless 97-inch OLED TV for $30,000). The less-expensive B3 is in turn dimmer than the C3 and lacks the company's latest-generation A9 processor. Spending less for the C3 loses you the bump in brightness and the sleek "Gallery" wall-friendly design, but it has more screen size options, namely 42- and 48-inch options (which are, notably, dimmer than the 55-inch and larger C3s). The G3 series sits at the top of LG's 2023 OLED TV lineup. The largest size, the 83-inch model, lacks LG's MLA tech so it's not as bright – LG claims it has the same brightness as last year's G2. The three smaller sizes have very similar specs and should provide very similar picture quality. Send us an email at Include photos of item/s and give proof of your claim of the item not being authentic.I performed a hands-on evaluation of the 65-inch LG G3 OLED TV, but this review also applies to the other screen sizes in the series. Send us an email at State the missing parts and include a screenshot of these for reference. Item should be shipped back to Galleon within seven (7) calendar days upon receipt of the item Product is malfunctioning or is defective when it arrives ![]() Send us an email at Include videos of item/s showing item damage/defect. Item should be shipped back to Galleon within seven (7) calendar days upon receipt of the item. 6 - 79 meters POWER: Standard 9V dry cell battery (good for 500 10 second readings) MEASURES: 7.7 x 1.7 inches (198x42mm) WEIGHS: 10 oz / 300 grams Specifications: FREQUENCY: 400kz (Beam Angle 6) WATERPROOF: to 160 feet 50 meters RANGE: 2-250 feet or. Note: Depthsounders manufactured prior to 2001 cannot be converted. Simply put the head in the water, or against the solid hull of a boat. 400 kHz with 6 beam angle Reads from 2 feet to 250 feet Each reading is backlit and stays displayed for ten seconds. This is an extremely accurate unit when used properly. Features: Reads in Feet or Meters, to the nearest tenth through a solid hull, inflatable bottom, or black ice. It is useful for boating, fishing, scuba diving, coastal survey, and scientific work. This unique pocket-sized depth sounder is very accurate and of very high quality. Anchoring security for cruising sailors! Find deep water easily from your dinghy. In addition to recreational use by boaters, scuba divers and ice fishermen, it is commonly used by coastal surveyors, bridge maintenance workers and scientists. It is very accurate and since it floats, its high visibility case makes it easy to find if dropped overboard. We have imported this unique, Japanese-made portable sonar depth sounder for more than 10 years. Reads thru air-free black ice, inflatable bottom or solid hull (sonar will not read thru air)Ībout Speedtech Depthmate Portable SounderĪnchoring security for cruising sailors! Find deep water easily from your tender. Accurate 2-260 Ft.īacklit digital display shows reading for 10-secs at a time or continuously Speedtech Depthmate Portable Sounder Features ![]() If I struggled, as I frequently did in math, my teachers shamed me and joined in with the taunts of my classmates: “I thought you were supposed to be smart”. When I asked for help or clarification on an assignment, I was often met with “well, you’re so smart, you should be able to do this” or “this isn’t hard”. It was as if I wasn’t allowed to ever get a question wrong or have trouble with anything. My teachers, especially in elementary school, but throughout my school career, expected more than I was capable of and shamed me when I couldn’t perform at the level they wanted. Much of my school trauma came from teachers. Where Does Former Gifted Kid Trauma Come From? Have issues with executive function, attention, processing, impulse control, sensory When those kids who are in accelerated classes with higher expectations also Placement classes or in a curriculum a year ahead of other kids isn’t traumatic Have mental health issues associated with that circumstance. Let me be clear – not all people who grew up as gifted kids So I’d like to talk about it in a little moreĭepth. But just because other peopleĭidn’t go through it doesn’t negate the fact that many of us did. Less likely to get an autism diagnosis (although ADHD might get diagnosed moreĮasily based on “disruption”, they’re more likely to get medication instead of People of all ethnicities are less likely to be labeled “gifted” as well as Harder time getting diagnosed with anything at all, people of color and lower-income Classifying yourself as gifted will probably not be doing you any favours, and I'm sorry if people around you are pushing that concept onto you.I’m not saying there isn’t inequality in “gifted” labeling If anything you sound more like an INTP with ADHD, but again, I think you should steer away from MBTI until you have figured the other pieces out.įor what it's worth, I think most intuitives tend to be "gifted kids" but grow up to be "burned out fucking disappointments". I also don't think your description is that similar to ENTP (socially awkward, naive.), especially without other typical characteristics. You do sound like you're on the autism spectrum, but perhaps leaning more Aspergers than ADHD.ĮNTP can overlap with both ADHD and gifts so there's no real point in separating them, and I think the most worthwhile path would be to look at any potential disorders rather than personality tests or "gifts". It's a bit hard to answer the "gifted" part without knowing what you mean by "gifted" - you provide no basis for it? Getting good grades doesn't really say anything about much else than capacity to follow instructions in school, and usually depends on other things than "gifts". So I'm just curious: what are the differences between the characteristics of gifted ENTPs and ADHDers, and do you think my characteristics are typical for gifted ENTPs or have a greater correlation with ADHD? I've never done a proper diagnostic for ADHD but have usually attributed some of my eccentricities to my giftedness, and attributed others as being common for ENTPs. ![]() Or maybe this is a case of my giftedness compensating for my ADHD to mask the effects. So, since my symptoms are not that severe, they have not really negatively impacted me, and they were less prevalent as a kid, do I really ADHD? Maybe this is just typical for gifted ENTPs. I still get top grades and top results, even though I am constantly underperforming slightly (but this is probably more related to gifted kid burnout). And with completing tasks, there are periods when I just find it impossible to concentrate, but once I am in the zone I am able to maintain extreme focus for very long periods of time. Even though my mind wanders off an hour into a 90min lecture and my mind is often bombarded with random unrelated thoughts, it's never really been much of a problem. My behavioural eccentricities have been with me my entire life, but my attention/focus issues only appeared much later (though this may be due to a lower demand on executive functioning), and I also struggle much less than most ADHDers with completing tasks. However, I have rarely struggled with completing tasks, especially when I was younger, when I was able to focus and learn stuff quite effectively. As a gifted kid (M15) who has often been described as weird, socially awkward, overly talkative, overly energetic, impatient, impulsive, and a little bit naive in social situations, as well as being seen as a procrastinator who is able to come up with a ton of ideas without being able to organise them, I have always been able to relate to the categories of gifted, ENTP and ADHD. I've been looking at signs of ADHD and found that they correlate strongly with typical ENTP traits. ![]() Open curly brace open curly bracket left curly brace left curly bracketĬlose curly brace close curly bracket right curly brace right curly bracketĬlose angle bracket close greater than right angle bracket right greater than Open bracket open square bracket left bracket left square bracketĬlose bracket close square bracket right bracket right square bracket Open paren left paren open parenthesis left parenĬlose paren right paren close parenthesis right parenthesisĪpostrophe open single quote begin single quote close single quote close single quote end single quoteĮqual symbol equal sign equals symbol equal sign Pound symbol pound sign number symbol number sign hash symbol hash sign hashtag symbol hashtag sign sharp symbol sharp signĭollar symbol dollar sign dollars symbol dollars signĪnd symbol and sign ampersand symbol ampersand sign Here are the punctuation characters and symbols you can dictate. For example, “uppercase A” or “uppercase alpha.” When you’re done, say “stop spelling.” To dictate an uppercase letter, say “uppercase” before the letter. To dictate letters and symbols, say "start spelling." Then say the symbol or letter, or use the ICAO phonetic alphabet. ![]() You can dictate most numbers and punctuation by saying the number or punctuation character. Select the next three words select the previous two paragraphsĭictating letters, numbers, punctuation, and symbols Move to the end of the word go to the end of the paragraphĮnter one of the following keys: Tab, Enter, End, Home, Page up, Page down, Backspace, Delete Moves the cursor to the end of a text unit Move forward to the next word go down to the next paragraph Move the cursor forward to the next unit of text Move the cursor to the start of a text unit Move the cursor to the first character before a specified word or phrase Move back to the previous word go up to the previous paragraph Move the cursor backward by a unit of text Go after word move after word go to the end of that move to the end of paragraph Move the cursor to the end of a unit of text Go after that move after word go to the end of paragraph move to the end of that Move the cursor to the first character after a specified word or phrase Replace it with similar words to get the result you want.ĭelete the most recent dictation result or currently selected textĭelete a unit of text, such as the current word If a word or phrase is in bold, it's an example. The following table tells you what you can say. Use dictation commands to tell you PC what to do, like “delete that” or “select the previous word.” To use dictation, your PC needs to be connected to the internet. Greater than sign, right/close angle bracket Ctrl + Narrator + U/I/O: Read the previous page (U), read the current page (I), or read the next page (O).Vertical bar sign/character, pipe character.Ctrl + Narrator + plus sign/minus sign: To increase or decrease the Narrator volume.Narrator + S: Listen to a webpage summary.Narrator + F12: Read the current time and date. ![]() Narrator + Ctrl + Enter: This toggles Search mode. ![]()
Take me Home, Country Roads– John Denver.Every Day is a Winding Road– Sheryl Crow.Burning Love– Wynonna (I much prefer this version- sorry Elvis!!)ġ4 Driving Songs with ‘road in the title’- perfect for a road trip playlist!. ![]()
![]() This utility enables you to record computer audio streams or online music along with audio input using a microphone. What’s more, they will be displayed as a list along with details such as name, title, artist, album, genre, and play date. It is important to remember that the second panel can only play previously recorded files. It has two tabs that allow you to record and listen to songs, as well as create playlists. Even a novice can understand the program without facing issues. The interface of the platform is very simple and easy to use. With high and efficient quality, you can record anything with this platform. Leawo is a highly ranked and user-friendly app that allows you to record online music streams or other audio input with the aid of your computers’ microphone. All in all, Sound Siphon is a great sound recording and live sharing option that you can consider among its alternatives. ![]() The broadcasting feature lets you send your game audio, music, and microphone to your viewers with OBS, Twitch, and any other broadcasting services. Preview application levels prior to capture or recording and set timers to start and stop a recording while you’re away from your PC. With this mix and map feature, you can control the audio while recording life and make channel mixings and mapping on the spot.Īnother notable feature is the do not disturb mode that lets you avoid being disturbed by muting applications while they are recorded. You can either record directly into the app or use the application to create virtual input audio devices that send audio from one app to another. You can record Skype, FaceTime, microphone, computer’s own audio, or any other audio conversations with ease. Sound Siphon is an audio recording application that lets you record, capture and save audio from multiple sources. ![]() The anonymity provided by Tor helps them avoid being spied on by interested parties and lets them publish articles and spread news about important events. The dark web also contains pirated content and illegal substances.īesides visiting the dark web, many journalists and political activists use the Tor browser to circumvent censorship. The dark web consists largely of unregulated websites, although some of these dark net websites are worth visiting. Visit websites not available on the surface web but accessible on the dark web.Many people use the Tor web browser to do the following: You also need to understand the legal consequences of using Tor. ![]() Therefore, we strongly advise you to refrain from such practices. Using the Tor browser doesn’t make these activities any less illegal. However, some Tor users do engage in illegal activities. ![]() The use of the Tor/dark web browser itself (and any other Tor project software) is completely legal in most jurisdictions, especially in countries with minimal censorship. Because your online traffic is sent through different nodes, your internet connection will have to go the long way around and therefore become significantly slower. The Tor browser is generally much slower than your bare internet connection. This triple-layered encryption comes with a disadvantage, though. For surfing the web anonymously, using this dark web browser is better than using a normal web browser. In other words: this browser makes it impossible - or at least very difficult - to identify Tor users. This means that, whoever is trying to identify you based on your online traffic, will just stumble on the last server your data traffic passed through (a.k.a. The traffic is heavily encrypted at the first node and then slowly decoded - one layer at a time at the different nodes. Your IP address is not visible here, but your destination is. Exit node: This part of the Tor server forwards you to the website you want to see.Relay node: This node passes along the traffic it receives.Your IP address is visible here, but the entry node cannot see what you are connecting with. Entry node: This is the first node Tor connects with.When using the Tor browser, your data goes through different Tor servers (or nodes): The browser uses Tor’s vast worldwide server network to hide your IP and secure your connection. ![]() Tor aims to improve your online privacy and, up to a point, your security. These days, the Tor project mainly focuses its attention on its browser and the development of a few other privacy tools, which we’ll touch on later. In 2006, the military dropped the project, which has since been handled by a non-profit. Navy to enable anonymous online communication for military organizations. Originally, the Tor network was developed by the U.S. Tor’s ability to enable users to access the internet freely has led to some countries blocking it entirely. With Tor, you can access the dark web - the hidden and un-indexed websites on the internet. It erases your browsing history automatically with every session and encrypts all your traffic. The Tor browser, also known as the onion browser or dark web browser, is an abbreviation of the “The Onion Router.” It is a completely free, open-source browser that helps you surf the internet anonymously. However, we will also delve into some of the drawbacks of using this browser. In this article, we walk you through the intricacies of the Tor browser, how to use it to access the dark web, and its advantages over other privacy-related solutions, like a proxy server. This browser is the main offering of the Tor project, which focuses on creating open-source anonymity and privacy-focused technologies. The Tor browser is a web browser that lets users stay anonymous online while on the dark web and protects them to a certain degree from being tracked by hackers, internet service providers, and even corporations and governments. ![]() Helped by their parents when they first start learning to speak, young children are provided with informal instructional formats within which their learning is facilitated. He used the term to describe young children's oral language acquisition. Scaffolding theory was first introduced in the late 1950s by Jerome Bruner, a cognitive psychologist. Encouragement is also an important scaffolding component. For example, during a task the scaffolder (expert) might need to manage and control for frustration and loss of interest that could be experienced by the learner. The consideration of emotional issues: Scaffolding is not limited to a cognitive skill and can also support emotional responses ( affect).The application of scaffolds during the learning task: Scaffolds could be organized in "simple skill acquisition or they may be dynamic and generative".Anticipation of errors enables the scaffolder to properly guide the learners away from ineffective directions. The anticipation of errors: After choosing the task, the teacher needs to anticipate errors the learners are likely to commit when working on the task.This task should be neither too difficult nor too easy for the learner. The task should also be engaging and interesting to keep learners involved. The selection of the learning task: The task should ensure that learners use the developing skills that need to be mastered.Effective scaffolding įor scaffolding to be effective teachers need to pay attention to the following: This support is weaned gradually until the learner is independent. The support and guidance provided to learners facilitate internalization of the knowledge needed to complete the task. The support and guidance provided to the learner are compared to the scaffolds in building construction where the scaffolds provide both "adjustable and temporal" support to the building under construction. The third feature of scaffolding is that the scaffold, the support and guidance provided by the expert, is gradually removed as the learner becomes more proficient.To do that the expert needs to be aware of the learner's current level of knowledge and then work to a certain extent beyond that level. The second is that learning should take place in the learner's zone of proximal development.This interaction should be collaborative for it to be effective. The first feature is the interaction between the learner and the expert.There are three essential features of scaffolding that facilitate learning. ![]() The support can take many forms such as outlines, recommended documents, storyboards, or key questions. Teachers help the students master a task or a concept by providing support. These supports are gradually removed as students develop autonomous learning strategies, thus promoting their own cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning skills and knowledge. Instructional scaffolding could be employed through modeling a task, giving advice, and/or providing coaching. These supports may include resource, compelling task, templates and guides, and/or guidance on the development of cognitive and social skills. Instructional scaffolding provides sufficient support to promote learning when concepts and skills are being first introduced to students. This learning process promotes a deeper level of learning than many other common teaching strategies. This support is specifically tailored to each student this instructional approach allows students to experience student-centered learning, which tends to facilitate more efficient learning than teacher-centered learning. Instructional scaffolding is the support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process. ![]() Support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process |
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